Cited from How Patterns Match
"When the target pattern does not contain a slash (and it usually does
not), directory names in the file names are removed from the file name
before it is compared with the target prefix and suffix. After the
comparison of the file name to the target pattern, the directory
names, along with the slash that ends them, are added on to the
prerequisite file names generated from the pattern rule’s prerequisite
patterns and the file name. The directories are ignored only for the
purpose of finding an implicit rule to use, not in the application of
that rule. Thus, ‘e%t’ matches the file name src/eat,
with ‘src/a’ as the stem. When prerequisites are turned into file
names, the directories from the stem are added at the front, while the
rest of the stem is substituted for the ‘%’. The stem
‘src/a’ with a prerequisite pattern ‘c%r’ gives the file name
src/car."
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