Cited from the paper Embryonic stem cell potency fluctuates with endogenous retrovirus activity
The zygote and its daughter cells are totipotent because they are able to develop into all embryonic and extraembryonic cell types. The progeny of these first two daughter cells become progressively more fate-restricted as they activate distinct patterns of gene expression that first direct them towards one of three broad lineages: Oct4+ Sox2+ Nanog+ epiblast cells that give rise to the embryo, Gata4+/6+ primitive endoderm cells that contribute to extraembryonic membranes that encase the embryo, and Cdx2+ trophectoderm cells that form a large part of the placenta.
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